HTTPS health monitor with binary values
We have security appliances behind F5 as pool members. These requires probing with binary strings. We have configured "TCP" health monitor with send/receive strings as binary values in BIG-IP syntax as mentioned in article-K01524704 This tcp monitor is working as expected. However the new requirement is to setup mTLS between F5 and pool members. I have installed server-side certificate and the same has been installed at pool member servers (with mTLS feature enabled at pool member servers). The same TCP binary health monitor making the pool members down, however it is working with default tcp monitor (only tcp handshake to check port status). I have tried using HTTPS health monitor with same binary values in send/receive strings with server SSL profile in monitor advance setting but it didn't work. Any advise would be appreciated.
TLS server_name extension based routing without clientssl profile
Problem this snippet solves: Some configuration requires to not decrypt SSL traffic on F5 appliances to select pool based on HTTP Host header. I found a useful irule and this code keeps the structure and most of binary commands of it. I'm not sure if the first author was Kevin Stewart or Colin Walker. thanks both of them to have provided such code. I worked to understand it reading TLS 1.2 RFC 5246 and TLS 1.3 draft-23 and provided some enhancements and following description with irule variables references. According to TLS 1.3 draft-23, this code will still be valid with next TLS version. the following network diagram shows one use cases where this code will help. This diagram show how this code works based on the tls_servername_routing_dg Datagroup values and detected server name and TLS versions detected in the CLIENT_HELLO packet. For performances reasons, only the first TCP data packet is analyzed. Versions : 1.1 : Updated to support TLS version detection and SSL offload feature. (05/03/2018) 1.2 : Updated to support TLS Handshake Failure Messages instead of reject. (09/03/2018) 1.3 : Updated to support node forwarding, logs only for debug (disabled with static variable), and changed the Datagroup name to tls_servername_routing_dg . (16/03/2018) 1.4 : Added 16K handshake length limit defined in RFC 1.2 in variable payload. (13/04/2018) 1.5 : Added supported version extension recursion, to bypass unknown TLS version if a known and allowed version is in the list. This correct an issue with Google chrome which include not documented TLS version on top of the list. (30/04/2018) How to use this snippet: create a virtual server with following configuration: type : Standard SSL Profile (client) : Only if you want to enable SSL offload for some pools irule : code bellow create all objects used in following datagroup (virtual servers, pools) create a data-group named tls_servername_routing_dg. if you want to forward to pool, add the value pool NameOfPool if you want to forward to pool and enable SSL Offload (ClientSSL profile must be enabled on virtual server), add the value pool NameOfPool ssl_offload if you want to forward to virtual server, add the value virtual NameOfVirtual if you want to forward to an IP address, add the value node IPOfServer , backend server will not be translated if you want to reject the connection with RFC compliant handshake_failure message, add the value handshake_failure if you want to reject the connection, add the value reject if you want to drop the connection, add the value drop The default value keyword is search if there is no TLS server name extension or if TLS server name extension is not found in the data group. here is an example: ltm data-group internal tls_servername_routing_dg { records { app1.company.com { data "virtual vs_app1.company.com" } app2.company.com { data "pool p_app2" } app3.company.com { data "pool p_app3 ssl_offload" } app4.company.com { reject } default { data "handshake_failure" } } type string } Code : when RULE_INIT { set static::sni_routing_debug 0 } when CLIENT_ACCEPTED { if { [PROFILE::exists clientssl] } { # We have a clientssl profile attached to this VIP but we need # to find an SNI record in the client handshake. To do so, we'll # disable SSL processing and collect the initial TCP payload. set ssldisable "SSL::disable" set sslenable "SSL::enable" eval $ssldisable } TCP::collect set default_pool [LB::server pool] set tls_servername "" set tls_handshake_prefered_version "0000" } when CLIENT_DATA { # Store TCP Payload up to 2^14 + 5 bytes (Handshake length is up to 2^14) set payload [TCP::payload 16389] set payloadlen [TCP::payload length] # - Record layer content-type (1 byte) --> variable tls_record_content_type # Handshake value is 22 (required for CLIENT_HELLO packet) # - SSLv3 / TLS version. (2 byte) --> variable tls_version # SSLv3 value is 0x0300 (doesn't support SNI, not valid in first condition) # TLS_1.0 value is 0x0301 # TLS_1.1 value is 0x0302, 0x0301 in CLIENT_HELLO handskake packet for backward compatibility (not specified in RFC, that's why the value 0x0302 is allowed in condition) # TLS_1.2 value is 0x0303, 0x0301 in CLIENT_HELLO handskake packet for backward compatibility (not specified in RFC, that's why the value 0x0303 is allowed in condition) # TLS_1.3 value is 0x0304, 0x0301 in CLIENT_HELLO handskake packet for backward compatibility (explicitly specified in RFC) # TLS_1.3 drafts values are 0x7FXX (XX is the hexadecimal encoded draft version), 0x0301 in CLIENT_HELLO handskake packet for backward compatibility (explicitly specified in RFC) # - Record layer content length (2 bytes) : must match payload length --> variable tls_recordlen # - TLS Hanshake protocol (length defined by Record layer content length value) # - Handshake action (1 byte) : CLIENT_HELLO = 1 --> variable tls_handshake_action # - handshake length (3 bytes) # - SSL / TLS handshake version (2 byte) # In TLS 1.3 CLIENT_HELLO handskake packet, TLS hanshake version is sent whith 0303 (TLS 1.2) version for backward compatibility. a new TLS extension add version negociation. # - hanshake random (32 bytes) # - handshake sessionID length (1 byte) --> variable tls_handshake_sessidlen # - handshake sessionID (length defined by sessionID length value, max 32-bit) # - CipherSuites length (2 bytes) --> variable tls_ciphlen # - CipherSuites (length defined by CipherSuites length value) # - Compression length (2 bytes) --> variable tls_complen # - Compression methods (length defined by Compression length value) # - Extensions # - Extension length (2 bytes) --> variable tls_extension_length # - list of Extensions records (length defined by extension length value) # - extension record type (2 bytes) : server_name = 0, supported_versions = 43--> variable tls_extension_type # - extension record length (2 bytes) --> variable tls_extension_record_length # - extension data (length defined by extension record length value) # # TLS server_name extension data format: # - SNI record length (2 bytes) # - SNI record data (length defined by SNI record length value) # - SNI record type (1 byte) # - SNI record value length (2 bytes) # - SNI record value (length defined by SNI record value length value) --> variable tls_servername # # TLS supported_version extension data format (added in TLS 1.3): # - supported version length (1 bytes) --> variable tls_supported_versions_length # - List of supported versions (2 bytes per version) --> variable tls_supported_versions # If valid TLS 1.X CLIENT_HELLO handshake packet if { [binary scan $payload cH4Scx3H4x32c tls_record_content_type tls_version tls_recordlen tls_handshake_action tls_handshake_version tls_handshake_sessidlen] == 6 && \ ($tls_record_content_type == 22) && \ ([string match {030[1-3]} $tls_version]) && \ ($tls_handshake_action == 1) && \ ($payloadlen == $tls_recordlen+5)} { # store in a variable the handshake version set tls_handshake_prefered_version $tls_handshake_version # skip past the session id set record_offset [expr {44 + $tls_handshake_sessidlen}] # skip past the cipher list binary scan $payload @${record_offset}S tls_ciphlen set record_offset [expr {$record_offset + 2 + $tls_ciphlen}] # skip past the compression list binary scan $payload @${record_offset}c tls_complen set record_offset [expr {$record_offset + 1 + $tls_complen}] # check for the existence of ssl extensions if { ($payloadlen > $record_offset) } { # skip to the start of the first extension binary scan $payload @${record_offset}S tls_extension_length set record_offset [expr {$record_offset + 2}] # Check if extension length + offset equals payload length if {$record_offset + $tls_extension_length == $payloadlen} { # for each extension while { $record_offset < $payloadlen } { binary scan $payload @${record_offset}SS tls_extension_type tls_extension_record_length if { $tls_extension_type == 0 } { # if it's a servername extension read the servername # SNI record value start after extension type (2 bytes), extension record length (2 bytes), record type (2 bytes), record type (1 byte), record value length (2 bytes) = 9 bytes binary scan $payload @[expr {$record_offset + 9}]A[expr {$tls_extension_record_length - 5}] tls_servername set record_offset [expr {$record_offset + $tls_extension_record_length + 4}] } elseif { $tls_extension_type == 43 } { # if it's a supported_version extension (starting with TLS 1.3), extract supported version in a list binary scan $payload @[expr {${record_offset} + 4}]cS[expr {($tls_extension_record_length -1)/2}] tls_supported_versions_length tls_supported_versions set tls_handshake_prefered_version [list] foreach version $tls_supported_versions { lappend tls_handshake_prefered_version [format %04X [expr { $version & 0xffff }] ] } if {$static::sni_routing_debug} {log local0. "[IP::remote_addr] : prefered version list : $tls_handshake_prefered_version"} set record_offset [expr {$record_offset + $tls_extension_record_length + 4}] } else { # skip over other extensions set record_offset [expr {$record_offset + $tls_extension_record_length + 4}] } } } } } elseif { [binary scan $payload cH4 ssl_record_content_type ssl_version] == 2 && \ ($tls_record_content_type == 22) && \ ($tls_version == 0300)} { # SSLv3 detected set tls_handshake_prefered_version "0300" } elseif { [binary scan $payload H2x1H2 ssl_version handshake_protocol_message] == 2 && \ ($ssl_version == 80) && \ ($handshake_protocol_message == 01)} { # SSLv2 detected set tls_handshake_prefered_version "0200" } unset -nocomplain payload payloadlen tls_record_content_type tls_recordlen tls_handshake_action tls_handshake_sessidlen record_offset tls_ciphlen tls_complen tls_extension_length tls_extension_type tls_extension_record_length tls_supported_versions_length tls_supported_versions foreach version $tls_handshake_prefered_version { switch -glob -- $version { "0200" { if {$static::sni_routing_debug} {log local0. "[IP::remote_addr] : SSLv2 ; connection is rejected"} reject return } "0300" - "0301" { if {$static::sni_routing_debug} {log local0. "[IP::remote_addr] : SSL/TLS ; connection is rejected (0x$version)"} # Handshake Failure packet format: # # - Record layer content-type (1 byte) --> variable tls_record_content_type # Alert value is 21 (required for Handshake Failure packet) # - SSLv3 / TLS version. (2 bytes) --> from variable tls_version # - Record layer content length (2 bytes) : value is 2 for Alert message # - TLS Message (length defined by Record layer content length value) # - Level (1 byte) : value is 2 (fatal) # - Description (1 bytes) : value is 40 (Handshake Failure) TCP::respond [binary format cH4Scc 21 $tls_version 2 2 40] after 10 TCP::close #drop #reject return } "030[2-9]" - "7F[0-9A-F][0-9A-F]" { # TLS version allowed, do nothing break } "0000" { if {$static::sni_routing_debug} {log local0. "[IP::remote_addr] : No SSL/TLS protocol detected ; connection is rejected (0x$version)"} reject return } default { if {$static::sni_routing_debug} {log local0. "[IP::remote_addr] : Unknown CLIENT_HELLO TLS handshake prefered version : 0x$version"} } } } if { $tls_servername equals "" || ([set sni_dg_value [class match -value [string tolower $tls_servername] equals tls_servername_routing_dg]] equals "")} { set sni_dg_value [class match -value "default" equals tls_servername_routing_dg] } switch [lindex $sni_dg_value 0] { "virtual" { if {[catch {virtual [lindex $sni_dg_value 1]}]} { if {$static::sni_routing_debug} {log local0. "[IP::remote_addr] : TLS server_name value = ${tls_servername} ; TLS prefered version = 0x${tls_handshake_prefered_version} ; Virtual server [lindex $sni_dg_value 1] doesn't exist"} } else { if {$static::sni_routing_debug} {log local0. "[IP::remote_addr] : TLS server_name value = ${tls_servername} ; TLS prefered version = 0x${tls_handshake_prefered_version} ; forwarded to Virtual server [lindex $sni_dg_value 1]"} } } "pool" { if {[catch {pool [lindex $sni_dg_value 1]}]} { if {$static::sni_routing_debug} {log local0. "[IP::remote_addr] : TLS server_name value = ${tls_servername} ; TLS prefered version = 0x${tls_handshake_prefered_version} ; Pool [lindex $sni_dg_value 1] doesn't exist"} } else { if {$static::sni_routing_debug} {log local0. "[IP::remote_addr] : TLS server_name value = ${tls_servername} ; TLS prefered version = 0x${tls_handshake_prefered_version} ; forwarded to Pool [lindex $sni_dg_value 1]"} } if {[lindex $sni_dg_value 2] equals "ssl_offload" && [info exists sslenable]} { eval $sslenable } } "node" { if {[catch {node [lindex $sni_dg_value 1]}]} { if {$static::sni_routing_debug} {log local0. "[IP::remote_addr] : TLS server_name value = ${tls_servername} ; TLS prefered version = 0x${tls_handshake_prefered_version} ; Invalid Node value [lindex $sni_dg_value 1]"} } else { if {$static::sni_routing_debug} {log local0. "[IP::remote_addr] : TLS server_name value = ${tls_servername} ; TLS prefered version = 0x${tls_handshake_prefered_version} ; forwarded to Node [lindex $sni_dg_value 1]"} } } "handshake_failure" { if {$static::sni_routing_debug} {log local0. "[IP::remote_addr] : TLS server_name value = ${tls_servername} ; TLS prefered version = 0x${tls_handshake_prefered_version} ; connection is rejected (with Handshake Failure message)"} TCP::respond [binary format cH4Scc 21 $tls_handshake_prefered_version 2 2 40] after 10 TCP::close return } "reject" { if {$static::sni_routing_debug} {log local0. "[IP::remote_addr] : TLS server_name value = ${tls_servername} ; TLS prefered version = 0x${tls_handshake_prefered_version} ; connection is rejected"} reject return } "drop" { if {$static::sni_routing_debug} {log local0. "[IP::remote_addr] : TLS server_name value = ${tls_servername} ; TLS prefered version = 0x${tls_handshake_prefered_version} ; connection is dropped"} drop return } } TCP::release }
Disk partition has only 0%
Hi, I am not sure if it's related to adding BIG-IP to BIG-IQ but I never seen such error before and I was using this BIG-IP for a long time (13.0.0HF2 VE, part of cluster). Right now I am getting: 011d0004:3: Disk partition / has only 0% free When looking at root level (I assume /tmp is root) I can se such big files: /tmp/CCA_HASH_DB_2244_0NbSFl/BINARY - 112MB in size /CCA_HASH_DB_13964_dHGujM/BINARY - 107MB in size Modification date seems to be changing so something is using those folders/files. What's more second folder seems to be deleted and created with new name from time to time. So question is if those files are somehow created and used by BIG-IQ? On second node of the cluster (right now Active) no such directories and files present. I wonder what to do - remove them (probably will show up again) or extend root volume? Piotr
Understanding Binary Right and Left Shift in Python the Easy Way
Things to Keep in Mind Most significant bit: left-most bit Least significant bit: right-most bit Think of Python reading your decimal number in its binary form under the hood Understanding the Trick to Check if Last Bit is 1 The & operator returns 1 every time 1 is also compared to 1 and zero for 1 compared to anything else: Keep this in mind as we're going to use it in our code. Right and Left Shift Operators in Python Let's take decimal 5 as our example. 5 in binary is 0101: When we ask Python to right shift 5, python will do this operation in binary: The above is the same as moving 0101 (5 in decimal) to the right so it's now 0010 (2 in decimal). If you move 2 one bit to the left it's 4 because when we move the one from 0010 it's now 0100: Understanding that anything that is not zero is True in boolean You need to know this because our while loop will exit when we keep right shifting 5 and its value reaches 0. Our Code What does above code do Our little code here will count the number of binary 1's given a decimal number as input using right shift operation previously described. Our while loop ends when number = 0 and counter variableincrements every time least significant bit = 1. Easy eh? Let's use 5 as an example. A better way to understand it is to think of our code like this: After we discard "1", we repeat the above with 0010 and so on, until we number =0. Running our Code Let's run it but we already know that the number of 1's in 5 (0101 in binary) is 2: In case you didn't understand yet you can follow along the bonus section with step by step explanation about the code. BONUS! Going through our Code Step by Step countervariable starts at 0 and we enter the while loop as variablenumber(5) is not yet zero. counter = 0 number = 5 The first operation will benumber(5) & 1 or 0101 & 0001 in binary: socounteris now whatever it was (0) plus 1, socounter = 1. Next, we shiftnumbervariable (currently 5) by 1: We now come back to our while loop again and becausenumberis still not zero yet we keep going. counter = 1 number = 2 The first operation will benumber(2) & 1 or 0010 & 0001 in binary: socounteris now whatever it was (1) plus 0, so counter does not change (still 1). Next, we shiftnumberagain (currently 2) by 1: Now we've got the following: counter = 1 number = 1 The first operation will benumber(1) & 1 or 0001 & 0001 in binary: socounteris now whatever it was (1) plus 1, socounteris now 2. We shiftnumberagain (currently 1) by 1: We come back to our while loop again but this time we exit becausenumberis now 0 and we returncounter(2). This is the result our code again:
